Persepolis literal meaning "city of Persians" was
the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire (ca. 550–330 BC). Persepolis is
situated 70 km northeast of city of Shiraz in the Fars Province in Iran. The
earliest remains of Persepolis date from around 515 BC. It exemplifies the
Achaemenid style of architecture. UNESCO declared the citadel of Persepolis a
World Heritage Site in 1979.
Odoric of Pordenone passed through Persepolis c.1320 on his
way to China. In 1474, Giosafat Barbaro visited the ruins of Persepolis, which
he incorrectly thought were of Jewish origin. Antonio de Gouveia from Portugal
wrote about cuneiform inscriptions following his visit in 1602. His first
written report on Persia, the Jornada, was published in 1606.
Throughout the 1800s and early 1900s, a variety of amateur
digging occurred at the site, in some cases on a large scale. Sources
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